STRUCTURAL FETAL ANOMALIES

ASSOCIATED WITH IUGR

1. Central Nervous System.
• Anencephaly.
• Spina bifida.
• Encephalocele.
• Hydrocephalus.
• Microcephaly.
2. Craniofacial.
• Cleft lip ± palate.
• Choanal atresia.
• Micropthalmia.
• Anopthalmia.
3. Cardiovascular.
• ASD / VSD.
• Patent ductus arteriosus.
• Coarctation of the aorta.
• Tetralogy of Fallot.
• Transposition of great vessels.
• Truncus arteriosus.
• Hypoplastic left heart.
• Endocardial cushion defect.
4. Gastrointestinal.
• Esophageal atresia.
• Intestinal atresia.
• Hirschsprung's disease.
• Diaphragmatic hernia.
• Omphalocele.
• Gastroschisis.
5. Genitourinary.
• Renal agenesis.
• Cystic renal disease.
• Hypospadius.
• Bladder exstrophy.
• Obstructive uropathy.
6. Musculoskeletal.
• Clubfoot.
• Polydactyly.
• Limb reduction defects.
7. Chromosomal abnormalities.